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In a right triangle, the two shorter sides are the legs, and the side opposite the right angle is the hypotenuse.

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The Pythagorean theorem says a squared plus b squared equals c squared.

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Suppose the legs are six and eight. How long is the hypotenuse?

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Substitute: six squared plus eight squared equals c squared.

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Thirty six plus sixty four is one hundred.

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A length is positive, so c is the square root of one hundred, which is ten.

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To recap: the theorem only applies to right triangles, the hypotenuse is always the longest side, and a length takes the positive square root.