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AP Statistics: Key Terms flashcards

Vocabulary for describing data, sampling and inference.

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Resistant measure: A statistic that outliers barely affect, such as the median or IQR.
IQR: $Q_3 - Q_1$ , the spread of the middle half of the data.
1.5 × IQR rule: Values below $Q_1 - 1.5\,\text{IQR}$ or above $Q_3 + 1.5\,\text{IQR}$ are flagged as outliers.
z-score: $z = \frac{x - \mu}{\sigma}$ : how many standard deviations a value is from the mean.
Simple random sample: Every group of n individuals has the same chance of being chosen.
Confounding: Two variables whose effects on the response cannot be separated.
Correlation r: Strength and direction of a linear relationship, between -1 and 1.
Residual: Observed y minus predicted y.

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